Diah Ariefianty, Agung Budi Susanto, Arya Adhyaksa Waskita. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of El Niño Modoki Impacts on East Java Rainfall Using EOF, BIRCH Clustering, and Wavelet Coherence. JOIVE. 2026;9(3):101-113. doi:10.20961/joive.v9i3.3782