Romdhoni, R. D., Majid, N. W. A., & Permatasari, A. F. (2026). Machine Learning-Based Early Warning for Student Dropout: Evidence from LMS Behavioral Engagement Patterns in Online Higher Education. Journal of Informatics and Vocational Education, 9(2), 55-66. https://doi.org/10.20961/joive.v9i2.3508