Journal title Performa: Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri Initials Performa Frequency Three times a year (April, August and December) DOI Prefix 10.20961/performa Online ISSN 2620-6412 Print ISSN 1412-8624 Editor-in-chief Prof. Dr. Cucuk Nur Rosyidi, ST, MT Publisher Industrial Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret Accreditation Sinta 3 Performa: Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri is a journal in the field of Industrial Engineering and Management with its scopes consisting of Manufacturing System and Technology, Operational Research, Product Design and Development, Ergonomic and Work System Design, Supply Chain and Business Management, Quality and Reliability Engineering, Information System and Knowledge Management, Data Analytics, and Robotics and Industrial Automation. This journal publishes original research articles, reviews, and special features on cutting-edge industrial engineering and manufacturing management. Performa: Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri was first published by the Industrial Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) in September 2002.This article was previously published by the Industrial Engineering Study Program of UNS in collaboration with the Center for Technological Innovation (Pusat Inovasi Teknologi) and the Center for Research and Development of Technology and Industrial Collaboration (Pusat Kajian Pengembangan Teknologi dan Kolaborasi Industri) in September 2014. Since 2018, it has been published twice a year (April and September), collaborating with Industrial Engineering Higher Education Organizing Cooperation Agency (Badan Kerjasama Penyelenggara Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik Industri) (https://www.bksti.org/index.php/jurnal/). Performa:Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri, for the past five years has been accredited as a scientific journal based on the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia dated 26th September 2019 (Vol. 17 No. 1 April 2018 until Vol. 21 No. 2 September 2022) and indexed in SINTA 4. Perfoma: Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri has been reaccredited became SINTA 3 for Vol.20 No.2 September 2021 to Vol.25 No.1 April 2026. Important Note: Starting from Volume 24, No 2 (2025), PERFORMA has upgraded its system from OJS2 to OJS3 (this website). Please note that old accounts on the OJS 2 system are different and cannot be used in the new OJS 3 system. For submission purposes, authors are required to create a new account on the new website. The archives of previous publications using OJS2 (up to Volume 24, No 1, 2024) can be accessed through the old website: https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/performa/index. INDEXED :
Industrial Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)
Analysis of the Factors Influencing Parents' Satisfaction with the Free School Lunch Program
This study aims to analyze parents' responses to the trial implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) conducted in several elementary schools in Trenggalek Regency. The MBG program, initiated by the government, is in its pilot stage and primarily targets improvements in students' nutritional intake, health, academic performance, and efforts to reduce stunting. mploying a mixed-methods approach, the research combined qualitative insights from in-depth interviews with parents, teachers, and school principals, alongside quantitative data gathered from structured questionnaires distributed to parents involved in the pilot program. The study evaluated variables such as food quality, hygiene, serving frequency, school–parent communication, and parental expectations and concerns regarding the program’s continuity. The findings reveal a largely positive response; parents particularly appreciated the program's role in fostering healthier eating habits and alleviating household financial burdens. However, several critical issues emerged, including limited menu variety, inconsistent food taste quality, and lack of transparency regarding meal schedules and nutritional content. Some parents expressed hope for the program’s expansion, provided that food quality and safety standards are maintained. Further analysis indicates that effective communication and parental involvement significantly influence satisfaction and support levels for the program. These insights offer valuable input for local governments and schools in refining MBG implementation to maximize its impact. This research contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of the MBG pilot at the elementary school level and provides data-driven recommendations to enhance future policy and execution of free nutritious meal programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Performa: Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Designing a Sustainable Business Model through Supply Chain Integration: A Business Model Canvas Approach for Disposable Baby Diaper Waste Management
Disposable baby diaper waste has evolved into an urban environmental crisis in Indonesia due to its high volume, complex materials, and the limitations of waste management systems that remain predominantly linear in orientation. National data indicate that diaper waste is one of the largest components of household residual waste and contributes significantly to overcapacity at final disposal sites (landfills), greenhouse gas emissions, and public health risks. Although numerous studies have examined diaper waste treatment from a technical perspective, most have not integrated multi-actor governance, economic feasibility, and social ethical values within a single systemic framework. This study aims to design a sustainable business model for managing disposable baby diaper waste through supply chain integration, using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach. A qualitative case study method is employed, with data collected through semi structured interviews, field observations, and documentation studies involving key stakeholders in the waste management supply chain. The data are analyzed thematically and mapped into the nine elements of the BMC. The results indicate that supply chain integration among households, collection service providers, processing facilities, and recycling partners plays a crucial role in improving operational efficiency, reducing environmental burdens, and creating economic and social value. The proposed business model emphasizes shared value creation, strengthening strategic partnerships, and diversifying revenue streams, while adhering to the principles of the circular economy and moral responsibility toward the environment. This study contributes by providing an integrated business model framework for managing disposable baby diaper waste in developing countries.
Optimizing Equipment Layout with ARC and 5S in a Metal Casting Molding Division
A metal casting manufacturing company operating in Ceper, Klaten. One of the key areas in its production process is the molding division, where casting molds are made. Several issues were identified in this area, including poor organization, inadequate cleanliness, and insufficient attention to workplace safety. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the 5S culture (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke) in the molding division and to propose improvements to enhance four key principles: effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, and occupational safety. Based on the results of the 5S questionnaire data analysis, the overall implementation level was relatively low at 52.78%, with Seiso scoring the highest (66%), followed by Shitsuke (57%), Seiri (54%), Seiton (51%), and Seiketsu (35%). To address these issues, several improvements were proposed, including procedures for item sorting, equipment labeling, implementation of workplace signage, development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for machines, scheduling of machine/tool maintenance, and the establishment of a reward and punishment system. These efforts were further supported by optimizing the workplace layout using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) method. The implementation of these improvements resulted in a significant increase in the utilization of the production area, from 33% to 66%.
Determination of Preventive Maintenance Interval Based on Reliability Threshold and Risk-Based Maintenance
PT. XYZ is a company engaged in sugar production, where the cane cutter machine plays a critical role in shredding sugarcane before extraction. During the milling period from May to November 2023, the machine experienced 31 breakdowns, leading to considerable downtime and increased operational costs. This study determines maintenance intervals using the Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM) approach to assess risk levels and the Cost of Unreliability (COUR) method to quantify financial impacts. The initial RBM analysis identified a monthly risk value of IDR 47,147,150. By implementing scheduled replacement intervals—17 days for the cutting knife, 28 days for the cutting disk, 14 days for the bearing, 31 days for the conveyor, and 26 days for the driving turbine—the Cost of Reliability (COR) was established at IDR 76,700,415/month. Although the planned expenditure increased, it remains within the company's 2% tolerance limit at a 1.66% severity level. Furthermore, the COUR analysis revealed that the potential downtime loss of IDR 238,583,981 far outweighs the preventive investment. These results demonstrate that integrating RBM and COUR methods effectively balances maintenance costs while protecting the company from disproportionate financial losses due to equipment unreliability.
Risk Identification and Safety Assessment in Kemuning Sky Hills Tourism Area
Kemuning Sky Hills is a natural tourist attraction in Karanganyar Regency that offers various extreme rides, including a glass bridge, a sky swing, a flying chair, and a flying bicycle. Although it attracts tourists, the safety risks associated with these rides have not been optimally managed. This study aims to assess safety risks using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Determination of Control (HIRADC) and provide a deeper understanding of the importance of safety risk analysis in extreme tourism destinations. The risk assessment is based on the Australian Standard HB 205-2004 reference. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews with officers and visitors, and field documentation. The results showed that several potential hazards fall into the High Risk to Extreme Risk categories. There are 10 risks in the High Risk category and 4 risks in the Extreme Risk category. The most extreme risks identified include overloading due to visitor density, gaps in the fence on the Glass Bridge, broken ropes on the Sky Swing, and the threat of landslides in the tourist area. Proposed controls include installing safety nets, rope guides, and warning signs, establishing a structured maintenance schedule, and providing education. This study concludes that safety management at Kemuning Sky Hills should be strengthened by implementing an integrated, structured safety management system that includes standardized operational procedures, routine risk assessments, clear emergency response mechanisms, and continuous staff training to ensure a consistently safe and sustainable tourist environment.
Supply Chain Mapping of Pempek Products Through a Green Economy Approach
Indonesia is one of the most multicultural countries in the world, where each region has its own distinct characteristics and uniqueness, ranging from local languages, traditional clothing, dances, music, traditional ceremonies, handicrafts, and traditional foods. One of these diverse regions is South Sumatra, particularly the city of Palembang, which is famous for its iconic traditional food, pempek. Pempek not only represents the culture of Palembang but also serves as a vital contributor to the local economy. As demand for pempek continues to rise, both locally and from other regions, its production has grown significantly, leading to the rapid development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to meet market needs. However, the production process of pempek, from suppliers to consumers, can have negative environmental impacts, such as the use of unsustainable raw materials, high energy consumption, and suboptimal waste management. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on sustainable production and distribution of pempek to minimize environmental damage. In this context, the application of a green economy approach is highly relevant. The green economy emphasizes resource efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental quality improvement. Without implementing green economy principles, the pempek industry has the potential to cause environmental degradation, threatening the natural resources that are essential for pempek production. The purpose of this study is to map the current supply chain of pempek products from upstream to downstream and to identify internal and external factors in implementing a green economy approach within the pempek product supply chain.
Packaging Design of Roti Ganda Pematangsiantar Using Kansei Engineering Method and The Kano Model
Ganda Bakery is a legendary food business that has been operating since 1979, located at Jl. Kartini No. 21, Pematangsiantar, North Sumatra. The main issue lies in one of its flagship products, the jumbo bread filled with srikaya, which still uses basic packaging made of paper and rubber bands, without any brand identity or appealing design. This has led to consumer complaints, especially from tourists, as the packaging is considered unattractive, non-functional, and impractical for use as a long-distance food souvenir. This study aims to design new packaging that reflects consumer preferences using the Kansei Engineering approach and the Kano Model. An initial questionnaire was distributed to 96 respondents, with 77.1% stating that the current packaging is neither attractive nor functional. The analysis generated 190 Kansei words, which were refined into 15 core descriptors, including durable, eye-catching, innovative, strong identity, and informative. These were then analyzed through validity, reliability, and factor analysis. The Kano Model results indicated that attributes such as informative, high-quality materials, shape that matches the contents, clear text, visual appeal, durability, ease of use, and illustration belong to the One-Dimensional category. Meanwhile, attributes like innovative, strong identity, and colourful packaging fall under the Attractive category, while varied typography and unique design are categorized as Indifferent. The best design, scoring 4.31, features a gable box measuring 26 × 10 × 16 cm, which is ergonomic and practical, made from thick art carton with a protective layer, in bright yellow and dark brown, and includes complete, easy-to-read product information.
Cost of Quality Models in Continuous Production Systems with Deteriorating Quality: A Review and Research Agenda
Cost of Quality (CoQ) is a critical tool in quality management, widely used to identify, evaluate, and optimize quality-related costs. While CoQ models such as the Prevention-Appraisal-Failure (PAF), Activity-Based Costing (ABC), Crosby, Opportunity Cost, and Process Costing have been extensively applied in discrete manufacturing systems, they remain underdeveloped for continuous production systems that exhibit time-dependent quality deterioration. This literature review explores the applicability of existing CoQ models to continuous and deteriorating systems. The analysis reveals that most CoQ models assume static failure behavior and do not accommodate gradual degradation or dynamic input quality. Among the models reviewed, the Opportunity Cost model is found to be the most conceptually aligned with dynamic loss due to declining quality, while ABC can complement it by tracing cost drivers linked to quality-related activities. Furthermore, this study outlines the potential of combining these models into a time-dependent dynamic CoQ framework, integrating deterioration functions and quality thresholds. Such a model could better represent the trade-off between prevention investments and the economic losses due to quality decay. Methodologically, this study employs a systematic literature review and comparative analysis to evaluate and synthesize prior CoQ models. The significance of this research lies in addressing theoretical and practical gaps in CoQ modeling for continuous production, which is increasingly important for industries striving for efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability. This review ultimately provides a conceptual foundation for developing a mathematically optimized CoQ model for continuous systems, with potential validation through biogas production case studies
Implementation of Class-Based Storage for Warehouse Layout Optimization in Temperature-Controlled Raw Material Storage (Case Study: PT. XYZ)
Inefficiencies in temperature-controlled raw material warehouses, especially in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry, can hinder production continuity and escalate operational costs. PT. XYZ, a leading cosmetic manufacturer, currently uses a Dedicated Storage system that fails to consider material movement frequency, resulting in limited storage slots, high material handling costs, and ineffective retrieval processes. To overcome these challenges, this study applied the Class-Based Storage (CBS) method by classifying materials into A (fast-moving), B (medium-moving), and C (slow-moving) categories based on their movement frequency. The contribution of this research lies in integrating CBS with the nearest location principle and simulation modeling to provide a structured solution for warehouse layout optimization. A quantitative approach was used by collecting outbound raw material data from January to December 2024, analyzing material movement frequency, and calculating material handling costs. The redesign of the warehouse layout considered the frequency-based classification and used AnyLogic software to simulate the proposed configuration. The analysis also involved calculating rectilinear distances and estimating handling costs based on operator and equipment expenses. The results showed that the proposed CBS-based layout reduced the total travel distance by 27.55% and decreased daily material handling costs by 28.67%. Additionally, high-frequency materials were positioned closer to the input/output points, improving accessibility and retrieval speed. The simulation confirmed increased warehouse efficiency, better space utilization, and reduced operator workload. In conclusion, the implementation of the CBS method in warehouse layout design significantly improved operational performance and reduced logistics costs. This study serves as a reference for companies managing temperature-sensitive inventory and provides a foundation for future research incorporating real-time inventory tracking and dynamic slotting systems.
Planning and Conceptualizing Crispy Tofu Packaging Design Using Kansei Engineering Method
Indonesian society has long consumed tofu as a side dish or snack. A crucial issue identified in the packaging of Tahu Crispy is the use of non-food-grade duplex paper, which absorbs excessive oil, lacks product identity, and has an unattractive design. Therefore, this study aims to determine a suitable packaging design concept for Tahu Crispy. The Kansei Engineering method is employed due to its ability to interpret consumer impressions, emotions, and desires. The Kansei words were grouped using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 31 Kansei words were obtained through a questionnaire distributed with video stimuli. The data was then processed using R software, generating a design concept based on PCA input.
The Effect Of Green Supply Chain Management And Supply Chain Management Performance On Sustainable Performance
This research analyzes the influence of Green Supply Chain Management (Green SCM) and Performance Supply Chain Management (Performance SCM) variables on environmental, economic and social dimensions, as well as their impact on sustainable performance. The confirmatory test results show that the construct indicators used are significant for measuring both endogenous and exogenous latent variables. The estimation method applied is maximum likelihood (ML), which searches for optimal parameters to produce the highest covariance. The proposed model meets most of the goodness of fit criteria, although it is not fit according to the chi square criteria, but is considered feasible based on the existing consensus. Hypothesis testing shows that Green SCM has a positive effect on the environment, economy and social. On the other hand, SCM Performance has no significant effect on the economy. Further analysis indicates that 43.5% of the economic variables can be explained by Green SCM and Performance SCM, while the remaining 56.5% is influenced by other factors. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing Green SCM in supporting sustainable performance.
Defect Analysis in the Aircraft Painting Process at PT XYZ using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Methods
PT XYZ is a company that is competent in the manufacturing of aircraft and helicopters. In the aircraft production process, an aircraft painting process is carried out in the Painting Shop hangar. Painting on aircraft serves a dual purpose: protecting the aircraft from rust and corrosion, and representing the identity of a company or country. However, many defects are still found during this process that do not meet quality standards. This can be seen from the aircraft painting final inspection defect data for 2020-2023, 307 defects were found from 5 painted aircraft. This research employs the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to identify failure modes in defects, their causes, and the severity, occurrence, detection, and Risk Priority Number (RPN) values of these defects, thereby determining repair priorities. The types of defects, misses, and runs fall into the high-risk category because they have an RPN value of >200, so they will be prioritized for immediate improvement. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is also used to identify the root causes of defects that occur. The causes of defects are attributed to human, machine, method, and environmental factors.
Copyright (c) 2025 Performa: Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Total Quality Control Analysis on Plywood Using Six Sigma, New Seven Tools, and Kaizen Methods
Control is a form of protection against various undesirable actions or disturbances, both internal and external, that can affect a system. This research aims to analyze defects in plywood products at the JatiMulyo Furniture Store using the Total Quality Control (TQC) method to determine priority problems that must be resolved first. The study adopts a mixed-method approach by combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. A fishbone diagram is utilized to systematically identify possible causes of defects. The findings reveal three main types of defects: cracked plywood (103 units, 32%), unsymmetrical plywood (114 units, 36%), and inappropriate plywood thickness (103 units, 32%), with a total of 320 defective units. No data correction was necessary as all percentages fall within acceptable limits. This thorough analysis enables the identification of key factors affecting product quality and provides direction for continuous improvement. The results are expected to guide quality control efforts. Further improvements can be made using continuous monitoring and corrective action.
Implementation of Kaizen in Various Industries: A Systematic Literature Review
Kaizen is a strategic approach that focuses on continuous improvement to increase an organization's efficiency, quality, and productivity. This article explores the implementation of Kaizen in various sectors through a literature review of 45 articles published between 1996 and 2024. This research aims to identify the application, benefits, and challenges of Kaizen in various industries, both manufacturing and services. The results of the review show that Kaizen has been successfully applied in various sectors, especially manufacturing (31 articles), with a focus on methods such as 5S, Kanban, and the PDCA cycle to reduce waste and increase productivity. Additionally, the application of Kaizen has expanded to non-manufacturing sectors, such as healthcare, education, and the public sector, where this approach contributes to operational efficiency and improved services. However, challenges such as resistance to change, limited resources, and lack of management support often become obstacles to implementation. This study provides recommendations for the development of a more strategic and adaptive Kaizen approach in the modern business environment as a relevant and effective management tool in various industrial contexts.
Determining Packaging Elements by Kansei Engineering Approach of Salt Bread Products
Packaging has a crucial role in a product and is an important aspect in attracting consumer attention to buy a product. Packaging design elements serve as a key visual medium to describe product characteristics. Salt Bread products have not optimized the design elements in their packaging, so packaging development is needed. This research aims to determine design elements based on consumer preferences. This research uses the Kansei Engineering method to obtain design elements that align with the design concept that has been generated. Utilizing of the QTT1 method to produce packaging design elements for Salt Bread products. Determination of design elements is done by distributing Likert questionnaires to assess the suitability of the design concept with 53 packaging samples. The resulting design concept, namely “Minimalist-Attractive”. The results of running QTT1 data with R software obtained design elements, namely art carton material (X1.2), medium size (X2.2), square cube shape (X3.4), interlocking lid (X4.6), window and tray features (X5.6), classic elegant design style (X6.8), and direct printing and paper indirect printing techniques (X7.3). The resulting elements on the Salt Bread packaging are in line with the packaging design concept according to consumer preferences.
Application of Lean Six Sigma, FMEA and Fuzzy to Improve Garment Product Quality (Case Study: Jhono Garment, West Jakarta)
Jhono Garment produces various kinds of clothing including t-shirts, polo, nightwear, children's clothes, sportswear, and others with a made by order system. The problem that is often experienced by this Garment is that there are still defects or defects in the product in the production process that cause cost and time losses. This study aims to determine the level of defects and sigma values of products produced by Jhono Garment, find out what waste factors must be eliminated first, find out the factors that cause product defects in Jhono Garment, provide recommendations for improvements to the causes of defects in Jhono Garment products. Data collection in this study is using primary and secondary data, namely production data from November 2022 to April 2023 and production process data. The methods used are lean six sigma, FMEA and fuzzy. The results showed that the sigma value of the Jhono Garment product is a T-shirt clothing product with a sigma value of 4.006. The waste factor that must be eliminated first is waste defects. The factors causing defects in Jhono Garment consist of 5 factors, namely humans, machines, materials, methods, and the environment. The recommendation for improvement of waste defects is to make folding molds in the product folding process.
Cleaner Production in the Marble Industry (Case Study: UD Warna Utama)
UD Warna Utama is one of the marble stone industries located in Tulungagung, East Java. In the marble stone process, there are three stages of production, namely the sawing of marble blocks, the sawing of marble slabs, and the polishing of marble. In the production process, the waste generated is sometimes sold as building foundation material, while other residues are directly disposed of into the surrounding environment of the factory, causing environmental pollution. This research aims to identify opportunities for improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact, as well as providing alternative proposals to minimize and utilize the waste generated in accordance with the concept of clean production. A quick analysis of the material flow using the Quick Scan method and interviews yielded several options for implementing clean production, namely the Recycle and Reuse methods. The proposed alternatives were evaluated using the B/C Ratio and Payback Period feasibility analysis, resulting in viable proposals for implementation, including the creation of water retention systems for block stone sawing processes, selling sludge waste as construction material, making mosaics, and producing terrazzo.
Implementation of Taguchi Method in Optimizing Virgin Coconut Oil Extraction by Cooling and Centrifugation Techniques
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) extraction through refrigeration and centrifugation techniques has become the preferred extraction technique due to its ability to maintain oil quality. However, optimization of extraction yield and quality remains a challenge. Therefore, this study aims to identify the optimal factors in VCO extraction, focusing on yield and physicochemical quality, through the application of the Taguchi method. The factors tested included centrifugation speed, centrifugation time, storage temperature, and storage duration, each with three levels, using an orthogonal array L9(3^4). In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the effects and contributions of each aspect. The experimental results indicated that centrifugation speed and storage temperature had significant effects on VCO yield, while centrifugation time and storage duration had minimal effects. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed that centrifugation speed contributed 88.31% and storage temperature 7.68% to the yield. For the quality parameters of VCO content, such as moisture content, free fatty acids, total acid number, and peroxide value, no factor significantly affected the quality of VCO, indicating that this method is effective in maintaining quality under various conditions. These findings suggest that optimization of centrifugation speed and storage temperature can increase VCO yield without compromising quality. This research contributes to providing practical insights for efficient and high-quality VCO production, in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7381:2022) for VCO quality. Furthermore, VCO producers, including micro and small scale businesses, can produce large scale and consistent VCO without having to reduce product quality by optimizing centrifugation speed and storage temperature during the VCO manufacturing process.
Workload Analysis of Subdivision Utility Engineering 2 Technicians at PT Konimex Using Full-Time Equivalent
Rapid technological advancement significantly impacts various aspects of life, including company productivity. Company productivity is closely related to human resources. A crucial aspect of human resources in enhancing company productivity is the workload received by employees. PT Konimex is a company planning to implement a new corporate strategy to face Industry 4.0 globalization, which requires evaluating human resources. This study aims to analyze the workload of technicians in the Utility Engineering 2 sub-department at PT Konimex using the Full Time Equivalent (FTE) method and to provide improvement recommendations to optimize workload. Full-time Time Equivalent (FTE) is used to calculate the amount of time required by workers to complete activities within a specific period. To calculate FTE, employee activity and time usage data are required. Therefore, data collection is conducted by compiling the company's historical records and conducting interviews with technicians. After performing calculations, a fishbone diagram is used to analyze the problem and identify alternative solutions. The results show significant variations in FTE values among technicians. Technician Officer A, Technician Level 1 A, and Technician Level 1 B are in an overload condition, Technician Officer B, Technician Level 4 B, and the Head Technician are underloaded. At the same time, Technician Level 1 C and Technician Level 4 A have a normal workload. Improvement recommendations include scheduling preventive maintenance work, optimizing overtime only for critical situations, adhering to work distribution procedures according to SOPs, developing work report input templates, and evaluating preventive maintenance activities
Identification Variables that Influence Attitudes and Intention in Buying Green Products as Recommendations in the Green Manufacturing Industry
Understanding consumer behavior regarding attitudes and intention in using green products is an important thing for producers to develop more targeted and efficient marketing strategies that suit consumer needs and desires, so that they can increase sales of green products produced by companies in the green manufacturing industry and increase the competitiveness of green products in the market. This research aims to identify the variables influencing consumers' attitudes and purchasing interest towards green products. The results will then be used to recommend which variables companies should prioritize in producing environmentally friendly products. This research employed purposive sampling as its sampling technique, along with a questionnaire survey targeting consumers who use green products in the DIY area. For data processing, the research employed the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method using the SmartPLS 4 tool, and the results showed support for the attitude-behavior context theory. Environmental awareness, perceptions of green products, and perceptions of eco-innovation are factors that influence attitudes toward green products, which in turn encourage consumer interest in purchasing green products. These results have implications for company management, suggesting that companies should undertake product certification to ensure safety, promote environmentally friendly products, and adopt innovations in green products.
Optimising Inventory Control in Pharmaceutical Distribution: A Case Study on PT. XYZ
Inventory control is a policy designed to manage and regulate the supply, storage, and accessibility of items in an organisation. Its primary purpose is to ensure that there is always enough stock on hand to meet demand while minimising the costs associated with holding and maintaining inventory. XYZ, a pharmaceutical distributor, faces challenges in optimising its inventory control policy, resulting in frequent stockouts, overstocks, and product damage during distribution. This study aims to design an optimised inventory control policy to enhance the Company's drug inventory system performance. The research begins by classifying inventory items using the ABC method and calculating the inventory turnover ratio (TOR). A scatter diagram is then constructed based on historical demand data to identify product demand patterns. Subsequently, three forecasting methods are applied, and the most accurate method is selected based on the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Inventory issues are categorised, with Class A drugs managed using the Q model and Classes B and C using the P model. The Hadley-Within method with backorder is employed for inventory problem-solving. The proposed inventory policy results in a total inventory cost of IDR 339,221,858 and a TOR of 4.26. In contrast, the existing system incurs a total inventory cost of IDR 1,338,286,901 with a TOR of 8.7. Implementing the optimised policy would lead to a cost reduction of 74.65%, equating to IDR 999,065,044, and improved inventory efficiency. This study provides a practical approach for pharmaceutical distributors to enhance inventory management, reduce costs, and optimise supply chain performance.
Development of a Software Usage Loyalty Model by Analysing the Causal Relationships between Software Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Experience in the Access by KAI Application
Trains are a popular mode of long-distance transportation in Indonesia due to their advantages in travel time, comfort, and safety. In 2023, train passengers increased by 40.6% to 270 million people, with most tickets booked through mobile applications. PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) offers online ticket booking services through the Access by KAI application, which, despite its increased usage, has received many negative reviews regarding its performance on the Google Play Store. This research aims to develop a model of software usage loyalty using nine software quality variables from ISO/IEC 25010:2023 product quality and the PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling) method to analyse the causal relationships between software quality, customer satisfaction, trust, experience, and loyalty. The results show that functional suitability and safety have a significant positive indirect effect on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. Additionally, functional suitability, safety, customer trust, and customer experience have a significant positive direct effect on customer satisfaction, while customer trust and customer satisfaction have a significant positive direct effect on customer loyalty. Based on these findings, priority suggestions were developed to improve the Access by KAI application.
Optimising Profits Using the Two-Phase Method and Sensitivity Analysis of UMKM Kedai Ibu
Kedai Ibu is a Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) engaged in home cooking. Business operations run by Kedai Ibu face challenges in determining production optimisation to maximise profits with limited resources, such as raw materials and production time. Optimisation problems often involve two main objectives, namely maximising profits or minimising costs. The research method employed is the two-phase method, with sensitivity analysis conducted through manual calculation and assisted by Lingo software. The purpose of this research is to describe and analyse the implementation of linear programming using the two-phase method to achieve maximum production profit. The research results indicate that the profit obtained is IDR 1,157,000, achieved by producing 250 portions of Ayam Geprek and 50 portions of Ayam Bakar for each order of 300 chicken portions.