Association of Dietary Carboxy Methyl Lysine in Adult Women With Central Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Levina Gabrielle  Hermawan; Patricia Budihartanti Liman

doi:10.20961/plexus.v5i4.3488

Authors

Levina Gabrielle Hermawan Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Patricia Budihartanti Liman Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia/ Nutrition Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3077-5566

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20961/plexus.v5i4.3488

Keywords:

Carboxymethyl lysine, Central obesity, Waist circumference, Women, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of central obesity, which is associated with the risk of hypertension and diabetes, has increased drastically, both globally and in Indonesia. Unhealthy dietary patterns, such as high sugar and high salt intakes, ultra-processed foods, and high dietary carboxymethyl lysine (dCML), are frequently associated with an increase in waist circumference (WC) that is used in evaluating central obesity. However, the results of Indonesian studies on dCML are still controversial and limited in number. Objective: to examine the association between dietary CML intake and central obesity among urban adult women at a Public Health Center (Puskesmas) in West Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: This analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2024 among 104 healthy females aged 20 – 64 years, non-pregnant or non-lactating, non-diabetic, non-smoking, without ascites or abdominal tumors. Dietary intake of dCML was determined by 2 x 24-h food recall, while central obesity was deemed to be present at a waist circumference of ≥80 cm. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 30.0.0. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between dCML and central obesity, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Median (p25 – p75) dCML was 3.7 (2.7 – 4.8) mgCML/day, with the majority of subjects (62.5%) having central obesity. Age was positively associated with obesity at aOR=1.16 [95%CI: 1.08; 1.25], p<0.001. In comparison with the low CML intake group, the group with CML intake >4.8 mg/day had a higher risk for central obesity at aOR=4.75 [95%CI: 1.17; 19.29], p=0.029.

Conclusion: Dietary CML was associated with central obesity in adult women. Further research should be conducted in older persons to increase public knowledge about CML and its influence on the health of this population group.

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