Hubungan antara Hipertensi dan Mortalitas Pasien Lansia dengan COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20961/plexus.v4i1.465Keywords:
COVID-19, lansia, hipertensi, mortalitasAbstract
Pendahuluan: Kematian pasien COVID-19 sebagian besar terjadi pada lansia akibat penurunan berbagai fungsi fisiologis yang didukung dengan adanya komorbid, termasuk hipertensi, sehingga membuat lansia yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 menjadi lebih rentan terhadap luaran klinis yang lebih buruk yang dapat berujung ke kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipertensi, derajat hipertensi, dan komplikasi akibat hipertensi terhadap mortalitas pasien lansia dengan COVID-19.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta menggunakan rekam medis pasien lansia yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dan dirawat pada periode Januari–Desember 2021 dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data dengan Uji Chi-Square dan Uji Rank Spearman.
Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara hipertensi (p=0,651), derajat hipertensi (p=0,919), serta antara komplikasi dan kondisi kegagalan organ akibat hipertensi, berupa penyakit kardiovaskular (p=0,410) terhadap mortalitas pasien lansia dengan COVID-19. Namun, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komplikasi dan kondisi kegagalan organ akibat hipertensi, berupa gagal ginjal dan penyakit serebrovaskular terhadap mortalitas pasien lansia dengan COVID-19 (p=0,020; p=0,044).
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara hipertensi, derajat hipertensi, serta antara komplikasi dan kondisi kegagalan organ akibat hipertensi berupa penyakit kardiovaskular terhadap mortalitas pasien lansia dengan COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komplikasi dan kondisi kegagalan organ akibat hipertensi berupa gagal ginjal dan penyakit serebrovaskular terhadap mortalitas pasien lansia dengan COVID-19.
References
Cai, R., Zhang, J., Zhu, Y., Liu, L., Liu, Y., & He, Q. (2021). Mortality in chronic kidney disease patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Urology and Nephrology, 53(8), 1623–1629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02740-3
Elezkurtaj, S., Greuel, S., Ihlow, J., Michaelis, E. G., Bischoff, P., Kunze, C. A., Sinn, B. V., Gerhold, M., Hauptmann, K., Ingold-Heppner, B., Miller, F., Herbst, H., Corman, V. M., Martin, H., Radbruch, H., Heppner, F. L., & Horst, D. (2021). Causes of death and comorbidities in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82862-5
Mubarik, S., Liu, X., Eshak, E. S., Liu, K., Liu, Q., Wang, F., Shi, F., Wen, H., Bai, J., Yu, C., & Cao, J. (2021). The Association of Hypertension With the Severity of and Mortality From the COVID-19 in the Early Stage of the Epidemic in Wuhan, China: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Frontiers in Medicine, 8(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.623608
Nandy, K., Salunke, A., Kumar, S., & Pandey, A. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect , the company ’ s public news and information . January.
Pranata, R., Huang, I., Lim, M. A., Wahjoepramono, E. J., & July, J. (2020). Impact of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases on mortality and severity of COVID-19–systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 29(8), 104949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104949
Sheppard, J. P., Nicholson, B. D., Lee, J., McGagh, D., Sherlock, J., Koshiaris, C., Oke, J., Jones, N. R., Hinton, W., Armitage, L., Van Hecke, O., Lay-Flurrie, S., Bankhead, C. R., Liyanage, H., Williams, J., Ferreira, F., Feher, M. D., Ashworth, A. J., Joy, M. P., … Hobbs, F. D. R. (2021). Association Between Blood Pressure Control and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes in 45 418 Symptomatic Patients With Hypertension: An Observational Cohort Study. Hypertension, 77(3), 846–855. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16472
Sun, Y., Guan, X., Jia, L., Xing, N., Cheng, L., Liu, B., Zhang, S., & He, K. (2021). Independent and combined effects of hypertension and diabetes on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study of Huoshen Mountain Hospital and Guanggu Fangcang Shelter Hospital. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 23(2), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14146
Undurraga, E. A., Chowell, G., & Mizumoto, K. (2021). COVID-19 case fatality risk by age and gender in a high testing setting in Latin America: Chile, March–August 2020. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00785-1
Wojciechowska, W., Terlecki, M., Klocek, M., Pac, A., Olszanecka, A., Stolarz-Skrzypek, K., Jastrzębski, M., Jankowski, P., Ostrowska, A., Drożdż, T., Prejbisz, A., Dobrowolski, P., Januszewicz, A., Krzanowski, M., Małecki, M. T., Grodzicki, T., Kreutz, R., Rajzer, M., & CRACoV-HHS Investigators†. (2022). Impact of Arterial Hypertension and Use of Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy on Mortality in Patients Hospitalized due to COVID-19: The CRACoV-HHS Study. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), November, 101161HYPERTENSIONAHA12219575. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19575
Zeng, J., Liu, X., Wang, S., Yang, S., Jia, W., Han, K., Wang, C., Liu, M., Chen, Y., & He, Y. (2021). The association between BMI and metabolically unhealthy status with COVID-19 mortality: Based on 3019 inpatients from Wuhan, China. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31(11), 3219–3226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.07.030
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Lafriba Devaranty, Fatichati Budiningsih, Arifin, Agung Susanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright @2022. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
