Perbandingan Kejadian Anemia Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis dengan Hipertensi Terkontrol dan Tidak Terkontrol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20961/plexus.v1i2.25Abstract
Pendahuluan: Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) merupakan sesuatu penyakit yang ditandai dengan terdapatnya kelainan struktural ataupun fungsional pada ginjal yang berlangsung paling sedikit 3 bulan. Terdapat beberapa penyakit atau kondisi klinis yang menjadi etiologi PGK, salah satunya adalah hipertensi. Disfungsi endotel yang menjadi salah satu pemicu dari bermacam penyakit vaskular kronis termasuk hipertensi, menginisiasi produksi dari sebagian sitokin pro-inflamasi yang bisa menimbulkan penekanan eritropoiesis. Sitokin pro-inflamasi pula ikut serta dalam resistensi eritropoietin yang menimbulkan anemia. Anemia pada PGK berhubungan dengan penurunan kualitas hidup, kenaikan penyakit kardiovaskular, kenaikan rawat inap, kendala kognitif, serta kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kejadian anemia pada pasien PGK dengan hipertensi yang terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan studi potong lintang (cross sectional). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi pada bulan Juli-November 2021 dengan jumlah sampel 110 pasien PGK yang sudah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien, kemudian data dianalisis secara statistik dengan Uji Chi-Square.
Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis Chi-Square didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan (p < 0,001) antara kejadian anemia dengan status hipertensi pada pasien PGK dan perbandingan kejadian anemia pada pasien PGK dengan hipertensi tidak terkontrol dibandingkan hipertensi yang terkontrol adalah 54:10.
Simpulan: Kejadian anemia pada pasien PGK dengan hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hipertensi yang terkontrol.
Kata Kunci: Penyakit Ginjal Kronis; Hipertensi; Anemia.
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