Analisis Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths dengan Anemia dan Malnutrisi: Telaah Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20961/plexus.v2i4.864Keywords:
soil-transmitted helminth, anemia, malnutris, perempuan hamil, anak-anakAbstract
Pendahuluan: Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) merupakan Neglected Tropical Disease (NTDs) yang sering terjadi di negara berkembang dan menyebabkan beban sosial dan ekonomi. Prevalensi infeksi STH di dunia dan Indonesia masih tinggi. Infeksi STH dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti iklim, usia, status sosial ekonomi, konsumsi sayur dan buah, dan kebersihan. Infeksi STH dapat menyebabkan anemia dan malnutrisi pada berbagai populasi. Penelitian telaah sistematis sebelumnya membahas faktor risiko dari infeksi STH. Sedangkan telaah sistematis yang membahas efek infeksi STH terhadap anemia hanya pada populasi ibu hamil. Telaah sistematis ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan hubungan antara infeksi STH dengan anemia dan malnutrisi pada berbagai populasi.
Metode: Telaah sistematis dilakukan dengan mencari artikel di database Pubmed Scopus, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar dari 2013 –2023 dengan protokol PRISMA 2020. Studi yang sesuai dengan desain studi, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mengenai dampak dan hubungan STH dengan anemia dan malnutrisi dimasukkan dalam telaah sistematis.
Hasil: Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan di berbagai negara, ditemukan ada hubungan signifikan antara infeksi STH dengan anemia dan malnutrisi. Perempuan hamil adalah kelompok yang paling berisiko mengalami anemia dan anak-anak adalah kelompok yang berisiko malnutrisi akibat infeksi STH.
Kesimpulan: Infeksi STH berhubungan signifikan dengan anemia dan malnutrisi. Dampak infeksi STH dapat memperparah anemia pada ibu hamil dan menyebabkan kekurangan nutrisi pada anak-anak. Pemberian obat cacing dan edukasi faktor risiko diperlukan untuk manajemen infeksi STH.
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