Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Reduces The Expression of ICAM-1 in Aortic Tissues of Metabolic  Syndrome Induced Rattus norvegicus

Muhammad Nouval  Ikhsan; Riza novierta pesik; Dyah Ratna Budiani; Novan Adi Setyawan

doi:10.20961/plexus.v2i4.866

Authors

Muhammad Nouval Ikhsan Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Riza novierta pesik Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Dyah Ratna Budiani Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Novan Adi Setyawan Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20961/plexus.v2i4.866

Keywords:

Moringa oleifera leaves, ICAM-1, Metabolic syndrome, Rattus norvegicus

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome poses a risk for the development of atherosclerotic lesions, which are associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Moringa leaves are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. ICAM-1 serves as an early marker of atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate how the dosage of ethanolic extract from Moringa leaves affects the expression of ICAM-1 in the aortic tissue of Wistar rats with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: This study employed a laboratory experimental design with a posttest only control group. The research involved 30 Wistar rats, divided into five groups: the normal control group (G1), the positive control group (G2), and three experimental groups (G3, G4, and G5). The experimental groups (G3, G4, and G5) were induced with metabolic syndrome and administered ethanolic extract of Moringa leaves at doses of 150 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 350 mg/kg, respectively. The expression of aortic ICAM-1 was evaluated using the Intensity Distribution Score (IDS) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey HSD test.

Results: Increasing the dosage of ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera reduces the IDS value of ICAM-1 in the aortic tissue of Wistar rats with a significance of p<0.05..

Conclusion: The higher dosage of ethanolic leaf extract from Moringa oleifera Lamk has the potential to decrease ICAM-1 expression in the aortic tissue of Wistar rats with metabolic syndrome. The author hopes that Moringa leaf extract can be utilized as a supplement to prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and cardiovascular diseases resulting from atherosclerotic plaques, such as thromboembolism and stroke.

References

Anzano, A., Ammar, M., Papaianni, M., Grauso, L., Sabbah, M., Capparelli, R., & Lanzotti, V. (2021). Moringa oleifera lam.: A phytochemical and pharmacological overview. In Horticulturae (Vol. 7, Issue 10). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100409

Bui, T. M., Wiesolek, H. L., & Sumagin, R. (2020). ICAM-1: A master regulator of cellular responses in inflammation, injury resolution, and tumorigenesis. In Journal of Leukocyte Biology (Vol. 108, Issue 3, pp. 787–799). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.2MR0220-549R

Chistiakov, D. A., Melnichenko, A. A., Myasoedova, V. A., Grechko, A. V., & Orekhov, A. N. (2017). Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. In Journal of Molecular Medicine (Vol. 95, Issue 11, pp. 1153–1165). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-017-1575-8

Cui, Y., Liu, B., Sun, X., Li, Z., Chen, Y., Guo, Z., Liu, H., Li, D., Wang, C., Zhu, X., & Shi, Y. (2020). Protective effects of alfalfa saponins on oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cells. Food and Function, 11(9), 8133–8140. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01797c

Guembe, M. J., Fernandez-Lazaro, C. I., Sayon-Orea, C., Toledo, E., Moreno-Iribas, C., Cosials, J. B., Reyero, J. B., Martínez, J. D., Diego, P. G., Uche, A. M. G., Setas, D. G., Vila, E. M., Martínez, M. S., Tornos, I. S., & Rueda, J. J. V. (2020). Risk for cardiovascular disease associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 13-year prospective study in the RIVANA cohort. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-020-01166-6

Gunawan, S., Aulia, A., & Soetikno, V. (2021). Development of rat metabolic syndrome models: A review. In Veterinary World (Vol. 14, Issue 7, pp. 1774–1783). Veterinary World. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1774-1783

Hossain, M. A., Disha, N. K., Shourove, J. H., & Dey, P. (2020). Determination of Antioxidant Activity and Total Tannin from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaves Using Different Solvent Extraction Methods. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 8(12), 2749–2755. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i12.2749-2755.4038

Imam, F., Al-Harbi, N. O., Al-Harbia, M. M., Korashy, H. M., Ansari, M. A., Sayed-Ahmed, M. M., Nagi, M. N., Iqbal, M., Khalid Anwer, M., Kazmi, I., Afzal, M., & Bahashwan, S. (2017). Rutin Attenuates Carfilzomib-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through Inhibition of NF-κB, Hypertrophic Gene Expression and Oxidative Stress. Cardiovascular Toxicology, 17(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-015-9356-5

Islam, Z., Islam, S. M. R., Hossen, F., Mahtab-Ul-Islam, K., Hasan, M. R., & Karim, R. (2021). Moringa oleifera is a Prominent Source of Nutrients with Potential Health Benefits. In International Journal of Food Science (Vol. 2021). Hindawi Limited. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627265

Kwaifa, I. K., Bahari, H., Yong, Y. K., & Md Noor, S. (2020). Endothelial dysfunction in obesity-induced inflammation: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. In Biomolecules (Vol. 10, Issue 2). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10020291

Libby, P. (2021). The changing landscape of atherosclerosis. In Nature (Vol. 592, Issue 7855, pp. 524–533). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03392-8

Molisse, T. A., Tunick, P. A., & Kronzon, I. (2007). Complications of Aortic Atherosclerosis: Atheroemboli and Thromboemboli. In Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine (Vol. 9).

Putri, R. L. (2017). Pengaruh ekstrak etanolik biji kelor (Moringa Oleifera, Lam) terhadap ekspresi icam-1 pada arteri carotis interna dan jaringan otak tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus) sindrom metabolik. In UNS.

Rani, N. Z. A., Husain, K., & Kumolosasi, E. (2018). Moringa genus: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. In Frontiers in Pharmacology (Vol. 9, Issue FEB). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00108

Suchal, K., Malik, S., Gamad, N., Malhotra, R. K., Goyal, S. N., Chaudhary, U., Bhatia, J., Ojha, S., & Arya, D. S. (2016). Kaempferol attenuates myocardial ischemic injury via inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway in experimental model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7580731

Xu, H., Li, X., Adams, H., Kubena, K., & Guo, S. (2019). Etiology of metabolic syndrome and dietary intervention. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 20, Issue 1). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010128