PENGEMBANGAN JALUR EVAKUASI DI DESTINASI WISATA PANTAI RAWAN TSUNAMI UNTUK KETAHANAN BENCANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20961/g183r728Keywords:
tsunami, lampuuk, Evacuation routes, disaster resilience, coastal tourismAbstract
Coastal tourist destinations located in tsunami-prone areas exhibit high vulnerability to disasters, particularly given the number of tourists unfamiliar with local hazards and evacuation procedures. This study aims to develop effective evacuation routes in coastal tourist areas to mitigate the risk of casualties and losses due to tsunamis. The method used in this research is a case study with a spatial analysis approach, where existing evacuation routes are evaluated based on accessibility, travel time, and safety for tourists. Data were collected through field surveys, interviews with local stakeholders, and simulation-based evacuation modeling. The results show that there are six evacuation routes leading to vertical evacuation shelters on Lampuuk, Lhoknga, with two of the routes exceeding the safe evacuation time limit. The current evacuation routes are insufficient due to a lack of signage, routes that are not easily accessible for tourists, and reliance on vulnerable infrastructure. Therefore, new evacuation routes need to be developed, taking into account evacuation distance, topography, visitor behavior, and local community participation in the planning process to strengthen the resilience of tourist destinations against tsunami threats.
References
Baeda, A. Y., Suriamihardja, D. A., Umar, H., & Rachman, T. (2015). Tsunami mitigation plan for Manakarra Beach of West Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Procedia Engineering, 116(1), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.274
Benazir, Kuswandi, Aslami, M. H., Ikhwali, M. F., & Hijah, S. N. (2022). Aceh-Andaman Untuk Daratan Pantai Utara Aceh Estimated Tsunami Arrival Time Based on the Aceh-Andaman Fault Segment for North Coast of Aceh. 65–76. DOI: 10.32679/jth.715
Dewi, R. S. (2012). A-Gis Based Approach of an Evacuation Model for Tsunami Risk Reduction. Journal of Integrated Disaster Risk Management, 2(2), 108–139. https://doi.org/10.5595/idrim.2012.0023
Di Mauro, M., Megawati, K., Cedillos, V., & Tucker, B. (2013). Tsunami risk reduction for densely populated Southeast Asian cities: Analysis of vehicular and pedestrian evacuation for the city of Padang, Indonesia, and assessment of interventions. Natural Hazards, 68(2), 373–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0632-z
FEMA. (2019). Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation From Tsunamis 3rd Edition. In Jetty.Ecn.Purdue.Edu (Issue August, p. 176). ftp://jetty.ecn.purdue.edu/spujol/Andres/files/15-0021.pdf
González-Riancho, P., Aguirre-Ayerbe, I., Aniel-Quiroga, I., Abad, S., González, M., Larreynaga, J., Gavidia, F., Gutiérrez, O. Q., Álvarez-Gómez, J. A., & Medina, R. (2013). Tsunami evacuation modelling as a tool for risk reduction: Application to the coastal area of El Salvador. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13(12), 3249–3270. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-3249-2013
Ibrahim, Syamsidik, Azmeri, Hasan, M., Irwansyah, A., & Al Farizi, M. D. (2023). Assessing tsunami vertical evacuation processes based on probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment for west coast of Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Geoenvironmental Disasters, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-023-00238-5
Isya, M., Azmeri, & Hasan, E. I. (2021). Analisis perencanaan dan kelayakan evakuasi vertikal bencana tsunami pada daerah zona merah di kecamatan kuta alam kota banda aceh. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 10(1), 9–20.
Isya, M., Fatimah, E., Sipil, M. T., Teknik, F., Kuala, U. S., Aceh, B., Sipil, J. T., Teknik, F., Kuala, U. S., & Aceh, B. (2018). Analisis Ketersediaan Jalur Evakuasi Bencana Tsunami di Kecamatan Kuta Alam Kota Banda Aceh (Studi Kasus Lampulo, Kampung Mulia, Lamdingin). 1(3), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v1i1.11774
Kim, K., Kaviari, F., Pant, P., & Yamashita, E. (2022). An agent-based model of short-notice tsunami evacuation in Waikiki , Hawaii. Transportation Research Part D, 105(March), 103239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103239
Makinoshima, F., Oishi, Y., Nakagawa, M., & Sato, S. (2021). International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction Revealing complex tsunami evacuation process patterns induced by social interactions : A case study in Ishinomaki. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 58(December 2020), 102182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102182
Rahayu, H. P., & Anita, J. (2013). Perencanaan Tempat Evakuasi Sementara (TES) Tsunami. BNPB.
Sari, L. H., Harris, D. J., & Gormley, M. (2013). Indoor thermal assessment of post-tsunami housing in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, 37(3), 161–173.
Scheer, S., Gardi, A., Guillande, R., Eftichidis, G., Varela, V., de Vanssay, B., & Colbeau-Justin, L. (2011). Handbook of tsunami evacuation planning. Luxembourg City, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. DOI: 10.2788/34292
Soviana, W., & Rani, H. A. (2019). Study of alternative building for tsunami evacuation in Kuta Alam sub-district Banda Aceh. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 674(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/674/1/012021
Suprapto, W., Aprilianto, W. Y., & Nuryanto, S. (2011). Penerapan Program Pembelajaran Mitigasi Bencanabagi Siswa SMP (Studi Kasus di SMPN 2 Sanden). Pelita-Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa UNY, 2.
Syafrizal. (2013). Tingkat Pengetahuan, Kesiapsiagaan dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Jalur Evakuasi Tsunami di Kota Padang.
Trisakti, B., Carolita, I., & Nur, M. (2010). Simulasi Jalur Evakuasi Untuk Bencana Tsunami Berbasis Data Penginderaan Jauh (Studi Kasus; Kota Padang, Propinsi Sumatera Barat). Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh Dan Pengolahan Citra Digital, 4(1), 9–17. DOI: 10.30536/J.PJPDCD.2007.V4.A506
Vale, L., Shamsuddin, S., & Goh, K. (2014). Tsunami + 10: Housing Banda Aceh After Disaster. Places Journal. https://doi.org/10.22269/141215
Yunarto, H.Z., A., & Wibawa, S. (2015). Vertical Evacuation Planning In Sarangan Island, Bali Province, As An Alternative Of Tsunami Hazard Risk Reduction. http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v6i2.83
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Environment and Disaster
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
