Screening for Plagiarism

Plagiarism is committed when one author uses another work (typically the work of another author) without permission, consent, credit, or acknowledgment. Plagiarism takes different forms, such as:

• Literal copying: Reproducing a work word for word, in whole or in part, without permission, consent, credit, or acknowledgment of the original source(s).

• Substantial copying: Reproducing a substantial part of a work, without permission, consent, credit, or acknowledgment of the original source, either in the quantity or the quality of the copied content(s).

• Paraphrasing: Copying without reproducing the exact words used in the original work, i.e. without literal or substantial copying. 

Plagiarism and self-plagiarism, in any form, constitute unethical publication behavior and are strictly unacceptable. Any manuscript found to contain such content will be subject to immediate investigation. The journal conducts its investigations into suspected plagiarism in accordance with the standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and follows the best practices of leading publishers, including Nature, Elsevier, and Springer.

All manuscripts undergo rigorous plagiarism screening via Turnitin. The Editorial Board enforces a maximum similarity threshold of 25% for all published articles. To facilitate a smoother review process, authors are strongly encouraged to conduct a preliminary similarity check and upload the full report as a supplementary file during the submission process.