Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

Performa: Media Ilmiah Teknik Industri — Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

MANUSCRIPT TEMPLATE

General Instructions for Authors

  • Reading the Guidelines: Before submitting a manuscript, authors are required to read these Manuscript Preparation Guidelines together with the general Author Guidelines of PERFORMA in their entirety. Careful adherence to these instructions is essential for an efficient review and publication process.
  • Use of the Template: All manuscripts must be prepared using the official PERFORMA Microsoft Word template, which is available for download from the journal website. The template contains predefined settings for page layout, fonts, headings, and other stylistic elements. Manuscripts that do not conform to the template may be returned to the authors without review.
  • Collaborative Research: PERFORMA welcomes, and actively encourages, the submission of articles arising from collaborative research, including collaborations between authors from different institutions and countries. Such collaboration supports the journal’s aim of fostering the exchange of knowledge in industrial engineering.
  • Manuscript Withdrawal: Authors are strongly advised not to withdraw a manuscript once it has entered the publication process (e.g., peer review, copyediting, or layout), as PERFORMA devotes considerable time and resources to the handling of each submission.
  • Similarity Check: Every submitted manuscript is screened for similarity using plagiarism detection software (Turnitin). The similarity index must not exceed 20%; manuscripts exceeding this threshold will be rejected without further review. Authors are responsible for ensuring the originality of their work and for properly citing all sources.
  • Originality and Conflicts of Interest: The manuscript must not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere, and must be free of conflicts of interest.

OUTLINE OF MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION

This guide sets out the specific requirements for preparing a manuscript for submission to PERFORMA.

1. CATEGORY

During the submission process, authors must assign their manuscript to one of the following categories, choosing the one that best describes the work:

  • Research Article: Reports original research findings, for instance from the development or testing of a model or framework, action research, data analysis, market research or surveys, or other empirical, scientific, or laboratory investigations.
  • Literature Review: Offers a comprehensive synthesis and critical analysis of existing research on a particular topic, providing an assessment of the current state of the field and identifying directions for future research. Review articles are expected to be thorough and to draw on a substantial number of primary references.
  • Case Study: Describes real interventions or experiences, or presents an in-depth analysis of a specific situation or entity within an organization or industrial system. Case studies may be partly subjective and do not necessarily report extensive empirical research.

2. LANGUAGE

  • Manuscripts submitted to PERFORMA must be written in English. 
  • Authors are responsible for ensuring that the manuscript is written in clear, concise, and grammatically correct English, with spelling applied consistently throughout. Thorough proofreading, either by the authors or by a professional language editing service, is strongly recommended prior to submission.
  • The manuscript should be well structured and comprehensive, with strong cohesion and smooth transitions between ideas.

3. FORMAT AND LENGTH

  • Template: Authors must prepare their manuscript using the PERFORMA template.
  • File Format: Manuscripts must be submitted as Microsoft Word files (.doc or .docx). Other formats (e.g., LaTeX or PDF) are not accepted for the main manuscript file.
  • Page Format: Page margins, line spacing, font type, and font sizes are predefined in the template and should not be altered by the authors.
  • Main Body Sections: The main body of the manuscript must be organized into four main sections: Introduction, Research Method, Results and Discussion, and Conclusion.
  • Manuscript Length: The manuscript should be 10 to 15 pages in length, including references.

4. STRUCTURE

In general, the manuscript should comprise the following elements, in the order listed below. Authors should consult the PERFORMA template for the exact placement of each element.

  1. Manuscript Category: Selected during online submission.
  2. Title:  The title should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the subject of the manuscript, consisting of no more than 15 words. The title must be written in title case, must not lend itself to multiple interpretations, and should avoid uncommon abbreviations.
  3. Author Profile:
    • The full name of each author, written without academic titles.
    • The affiliation of each author (department/division, institution, city, and country).
    • The email address of each author.
    • The corresponding author, indicated by an asterisk (*) placed before his or her email address.
    • Authors are encouraged to provide their ORCID iDs in the submission system.
  4. Abstract (in English).
  5. Keywords: A maximum of five keywords or phrases that accurately represent the content of the manuscript, arranged in alphabetical order.
  6. Main Body:
    • Introduction
    • Research Method
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusion
  7. Acknowledgments (if any): See details below.
  8. Declarations (where applicable): Conflict of interest statement, data availability statement, author contributions, ethics statement, and disclosure of AI tool usage.
  9. References: See details below.
  10. Appendices (if any): See details below.

5. AUTHORSHIP

  • Every individual listed as an author must satisfy the authorship criteria of PERFORMA: 
    1. Substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, OR to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
    2. Drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content; AND
    3. Approval of the final version to be published; AND
    4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work, thereby ensuring that questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are properly investigated and resolved.
  • The names of all contributing authors must be entered in the submission system and in the manuscript in the agreed order. Each name must appear exactly as the author wishes it to be published, and every affiliation must be current and accurate.
  • Any authorship dispute must be resolved before the manuscript is submitted. Changes to the author list are not permitted after submission.
  • For complete details, authors should refer to the PERFORMA Authorship and Contributorship Policy.

6. ABSTRACT

  • The abstract must be provided in English, each written as a single paragraph of 100 to 250 words, single-spaced.
  • It should serve as a self-contained summary of the article, written as a coherent narrative that covers the following elements:
    • Background: A brief account of the context of the research.
    • Objectives: The main aim(s) of the study.
    • Methods: A concise description of the principal methods employed.
    • Results: A summary of the key findings, emphasizing their meaning rather than presenting detailed numerical data.
    • Conclusions: The main conclusions and implications of the study.
  • References should not be cited in the abstract, and any uncommon abbreviation must be defined at its first occurrence.

7. INTRODUCTION SECTION

This section establishes the background and context of the research. The Introduction must be presented as a single section without subsections.

  • Section Content:
    • Research Context: Open by describing the broader field to which the research topic belongs and explain its importance, particularly within the context of industrial engineering.
    • Problem Description: Clearly describe the specific problem, issue, challenge, or knowledge gap that the research seeks to address.
    • Related Works and State of the Art: Synthesize (i.e., review, compare, and discuss) the findings, methods, approaches, frameworks, and/or models employed in relevant previous studies, giving priority to the most recent and influential works. Significant developments or technological advances related to the topic should also be discussed. Where helpful, authors may include a table comparing previous studies with the present research.
    • Research Gap and Novelty: Clearly identify the limitations, inconsistencies, or unresolved questions in the existing literature that the study addresses, and explain the novelty of the proposed research and its distinctive contribution beyond existing work.
    • Rationale and Significance: Justify the chosen research direction by explaining how the study builds upon, departs from, or challenges existing research, and how it contributes to the field of industrial engineering.
    • Research Objectives: State the objectives of the research clearly and concisely.
  • Notes on the Introduction:
    • Prioritize recent publications (primarily from the last five years) in reputable journals and conference proceedings.
    • Manuscripts in the Literature Review category are expected to cite a substantial number of primary references.
    • Avoid lengthy explanations of basic theoretical concepts that are common knowledge in the field.
    • For research addressing a specific industrial case, a detailed description of the case should not be given in the Introduction; it is more appropriately placed in the Research Method or the Results and Discussion

8. RESEARCH METHOD SECTION

This section should present a clear and detailed account of the research methodology, describing all stages of the research.

  • Provide structured and sufficiently detailed descriptions of the methods, approaches, algorithms, models, or frameworks employed, so that the study can be replicated by other researchers. Equations may be included where necessary.
  • Novel methods or approaches should be described in full.
  • For well-established methods and approaches, a brief description supported by appropriate references is sufficient; the emphasis should be on explaining how they were adapted or applied to the specific needs and context of the research.
  • Any text quoted directly from a previously published method must be placed in quotation marks and cited, and all modifications to existing methods must be clearly described.
  • For research involving participants or respondents (e.g., surveys, experiments, or ergonomic studies), authors should:
    • Describe the characteristics of the participants that were observed.
    • Specify the demographic selection criteria.
    • State the number of respondents or participants.
    • Explain the rationale for the selection of respondents or participants and the sampling method employed.
    • Confirm that ethical approval and informed consent were obtained, in accordance with the publication ethics policy of PERFORMA.
  • For research involving an experimental design, authors should:
    • Describe the experimental procedures in detail.
    • Provide a detailed explanation of the design of surveys, interviews, or observation protocols.
    • Specify the variables, measures, and instruments used.

9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SECTION

This section presents and interprets the findings of the research in detail.

  • Combined Section: PERFORMA requires a combined “Results and Discussion” section. Results and discussion must not be presented in separate subsections.
  • Focus: The emphasis should be on presenting and discussing the main results and their implications, rather than merely restating the data. Tables, graphs, and figures may be used as needed.
  • Guidelines:
    • Do not present excessive raw (input) data in the main body; include only the raw data that are essential.
    • Do not present detailed step-by-step computational results across numerous tables or figures. Instead, summarize them concisely and meaningfully, preferably in a single table or figure, and draw clear conclusions from them.
    • Where extensive raw data or detailed intermediate computations are required for transparency or replication, they should be placed in an Appendix, which should not exceed four pages.
    • The discussion should concentrate on interpreting the main results and their significance, rather than repeating numerical values already shown in tables or figures.
    • Clarify the implications of the results and relate them to the research objectives, to the literature reviewed in the Introduction, and to other relevant studies, comparing the findings with those of previous research.
    • Discuss the limitations of the study.
    • For research involving hypothesis testing, explain whether the results support or refute the hypotheses, and briefly discuss the implications of the findings in relation to previous studies and theoretical frameworks.
  • Software: State the name and version of any specialized software used for data analysis, modeling, or simulation, and indicate whether the computer code is available and, if so, how it can be accessed (e.g., through a repository or as supplementary material).

10. CONCLUSION SECTION

The conclusion should offer a concise summary of the principal contributions and implications of the study and must be written in paragraph form, not as bullet points or numbered lists.

  • Respond clearly and directly to the research objectives stated in the Introduction.
  • Summarize the main findings without repeating detailed numerical results from the Results and Discussion section.
  • Explain the impact and implications of the research for the relevant field, particularly industrial engineering.
  • State the limitations of the study.
  • Propose directions for future research, especially where the findings are preliminary or raise new questions.
  • Ensure that every claim made is supported by the research findings.

11. HEADING STYLES

  • Headings should be used to organize the manuscript in a logical manner.
  • The main headings consist strictly of Introduction, Research Method, Results and Discussion, and Conclusion.
  • Main headings and all lower-level sub-headings must be formatted in accordance with the heading styles predefined in the PERFORMA template.
  • Subsections should be kept to a minimum and used only where they genuinely aid clarity. Note that the Introduction must not contain any subsections.

12. EQUATIONS

  • All equations must be written with the built-in equation editor of Microsoft Word (Insert > Equation); equations must not be typed as plain text or inserted as images.
  • Each equation should be placed as close as possible to the point in the text where it is first mentioned.
  • Equations should be referred to in the text as “Equation (X)” or “Eq. (X)”, where X denotes the equation number.
  • Equations should be center-aligned.
  • Equation numbers should be right-aligned and enclosed in parentheses, e.g., (1), and equations should be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript.

13. TABLES

  • Tables must be created with the table tools of Microsoft Word (Insert > Table); tables must not be inserted as images or screenshots.
  • Each table should have a concise yet descriptive caption placed above the table that clearly explains its content.
  • Tables should be referred to in the text as “Table X”, where X denotes the table number.
  • Each table should be placed as close as possible to the point in the text where it is first mentioned.
  • Any superscripts (e.g., a, b, c) or asterisks (*, **, ***) used in a table to indicate statistical significance or to provide additional information must be clearly explained in footnotes below the table.
  • Tables should be kept as simple as possible while still conveying the necessary information, avoiding excessive lines or shading.

14. FIGURES

  • Figures should be referred to in the text as “Figure X”, where X denotes the figure number.
  • Each figure should be placed as close as possible to the point in the text where it is first mentioned.
  • Each figure should have a concise yet descriptive caption placed below the figure that clearly explains what it depicts.
  • Figures must have sufficient resolution and be easily legible both on screen and in print, and should be kept as small as possible without compromising clarity.
  • File Formats:
    • Figures created in Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, or Excel should, where possible, be supplied in their native formats or embedded directly in the Word document.
    • Figures created in other applications (e.g., statistical or drawing software) should be copied from the original source or exported in a high-resolution format (e.g., TIFF, EPS, or high-quality JPEG or PNG) and embedded in the Word document.
  • Font Size: Text within figures (e.g., labels and legends) should be proportional to the size of the figure and legible, typically 8–10 pt.
  • Any superscripts or asterisks used in a figure must be clearly explained in the caption or in footnotes to the figure.
  • Permission must be obtained for any figure reproduced from another copyrighted source.

15. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  • The Acknowledgments section (optional) may be used to recognize individuals who contributed to the research or the manuscript but who do not satisfy all the authorship criteria (e.g., by providing technical assistance, support in data collection, critical feedback, or administrative support).
  • Only the names of the individuals should be given, without their specific roles, titles, or affiliations unless these are brief and essential.
  • Authors must ensure that every individual named in this section has consented to being acknowledged.
  • Institutions or bodies that funded the research may also be acknowledged in this section. Where specific financial support was received, the full name of the funding agency should be stated, followed by the grant number(s) in square brackets, for example: “This work was supported by [Name of Funding Agency] [grant number: XXXX] and [Name of Other Funding Agency] [grant number: YYYY].”

16. REFERENCES

  • References must strictly follow the 7th edition of the APA (American Psychological Association) style. Authors should check every reference carefully for completeness, accuracy, and consistency with this style.
  • Priority should be given to journal articles, conference proceedings, and books. At least 60% of the references must be journal articles published within the last five years. Older works may be cited only where they are classic sources used to support the background of the research.
  • Every work cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and the reference list must not include any work that is not cited in the text.
  • The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) should be included for every reference for which one is available.
  • The use of a reference management tool (e.g., Mendeley, EndNote, or the Microsoft Word reference feature) is strongly recommended to ensure accuracy and consistent formatting.
  • Reference List Format: The reference list is placed at the end of the manuscript, with entries arranged alphabetically by the surname of the first author and single-spaced. In the text, references are cited using the author–date format, e.g., (Chen, 1993), (Beveridge & Riseman, 1997), or (Liu et al., 1997).
  • Examples of APA 7th Edition Reference Style (illustrative only; authors should consult the PERFORMA template and the official APA style guide for full details):
    • Journal Article: Liu, G., Lee, K. Y., & Jordan, H. F. (1997). TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and shufflenets for optical communications. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 46(6), 695–701. https://doi.org/xxxxx
    • Book (Single Author): Chen, W.-K. (1993). Linear networks and systems. Wadsworth.
    • Book (Two or More Authors): Gelinas, U. J., Jr., Sutton, S. G., & Fedorowicz, J. (2004). Business processes and information technology. South-Western/Thomson Learning.
    • Chapter in an Edited Book: Rezi, A., & Allam, M. (1995). Techniques in array processing by means of transformations. In C. T. Leondes (Ed.), Control and dynamic systems: Vol. 69. Multidimensional systems (pp. 133–180). Academic Press.
    • Conference Paper (Published in Proceedings): Liu, L., & Miao, H. (2004). A specification based approach to testing polymorphic attributes. In J. Davies, W. Schulte, & M. Barnett (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM 2004) (pp. 306–319). Springer. https://doi.org/xxxxx
    • Unpublished Thesis/Dissertation: Dixon, M. W. (1999). Application of neural networks to solve the routing problem in communication networks [Doctoral dissertation, Murdoch University].
    • Website/Online Document: European Telecommunications Standards Institute. (1997). Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; transmission aspects (ETSI TR 101 190). http://www.etsi.org

17. DECLARATIONS

Where applicable, authors should include the following declarations after the Acknowledgments section and before the References:

  • Conflicts of Interest: A statement declaring any competing interests, or confirming that none exist.
  • Data Availability: Information on where and how the data underlying the study can be accessed, or the conditions governing access.
  • Code and Materials Availability: The repository name and a persistent identifier (DOI, handle, or URL) for code, models, scripts, and other study materials, or a statement of the access conditions.
  • Author Contributions: A statement describing the contribution of each author; the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) framework may be used for this purpose.
  • Ethical Approval and Consent: Required for research involving human participants, and whenever individuals or organizations may be identifiable in the text, images, audio, video, or datasets.
  • Permissions: Confirmation that permission has been obtained to reproduce any third-party copyrighted figures, tables, or lengthy quotations.
  • AI Tools Usage: A disclosure of any use of artificial intelligence tools in the preparation of the manuscript, in accordance with the AI Tools Policy of PERFORMA.

Sample Declarations (Short Templates)

  • Conflicts of Interest: “The authors declare no competing interests.”
  • Data Availability: “The data underlying this study are available in [Repository] at [DOI/URL]. Access: [open/embargoed/controlled].”
  • Code and Materials: “The analysis scripts/models are available at [DOI/URL].”
  • Author Contributions (CRediT): “A.B.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft; C.D.: Software, Validation; E.F.: Supervision, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing.”
  • Ethical Approval and Consent: “This study was approved by [Committee, No. XXX]; informed consent was obtained from all participants.”
  • AI Tools Usage: “[Tool, Version, Provider] was used for language editing only; all analyses and conclusions were produced and verified by the authors.”
  • Permissions: “Permission to reproduce Figure X from [Source] has been obtained.”

Article-Level Transparency and Metadata

  • Article History: The Received, Revised, Accepted, and Published dates are displayed on the article page and in the PDF version of the article.
  • DOI and License: The DOI of the article and its Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA 4.0) are displayed prominently on the first page of the PDF.
  • Data and Code Links: Authors should use trustworthy repositories and persistent identifiers (e.g., Zenodo, OSF, or institutional repositories). All links provided in the data and code statements must be functional at the time of submission.

Submission Checklist (Author Confirmation)

  • The manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration by another journal.
  • The manuscript is written in English, prepared with the official PERFORMA template, and is 10 to 15 pages in length, including references.
  • The main sections and heading styles follow these guidelines and the template.
  • The abstract is provided in English and Bahasa Indonesia (100–250 words each), followed by no more than five keywords in alphabetical order.
  • The similarity index, as checked with Turnitin, does not exceed 20%.
  • References follow the APA 7th edition style, and at least 80% are journal articles published within the last five years.
  • All authors satisfy the ICMJE authorship criteria, and the author list is final.
  • Declarations are included where applicable: Conflicts of Interest, Data Availability, Code and Materials, Author Contributions, Ethics and Consent, AI Tools Usage, and Permissions.
  • All DOIs and URLs in the text, references, and declarations are functional, and repository links use persistent identifiers.

These Manuscript Preparation Guidelines are subject to periodic review and revision. Authors are advised to consult the latest version on the PERFORMA website before submitting their manuscript.